ATP

20 Mar ATP

ATP

• Respiration is the process which energy which is released. Cells do not obtain their energy directly from glucose this comes from ATP.
• ATP is referred to as the energy currency of the cell.
• ATP consists of the following structure :

1. The nucleotide base adenosine
2. A ribose sugar
3. Three phosphate groups

• ATP goes to the part of the cell which requires energy
• ATP is made from one ADP and one phosphate group- with the enzyme ATP hydrolase.
• This undergoes a hydrolysis reaction where a phosphate bond is broken where energy is released.
• Most ATP is generated from electrical potential energy- this energy is from the transfer of electrons utilised by electron carriers in the mitochondria and the chloroplasts.
• The enzyme which synthesises ATP is called ATP synthase.
• Energy needed for ATP is required by active transport- an example of this is the sodium potassium pump which has binding sites for Na, ATP and potassium.
• In this the protein is an ATPase- involving hydrolysis of ATP to ADP to the phosphate which requires energy to be released which moves the pump.